Carbon dioxide not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering silo fires: Static electricity may cause silo explosion

Carbon dioxide not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering silo fires : static electricity may cause silo explosion

Smouldering fires in wood pellet silos are not uncommon. The fires are often difficult to deal with and extinguishment is a lengthy process. Injection of inert gasses to prevent oxygen from reaching the smouldering fire zone and suppress combustion is a new firefighting strategy. This article argues that injection of inert carbon dioxide into the silo headspace is unsafe. Carbon dioxide is gene...

Bag Silo Densities and Losses

Bag silos made at three research farms in 2000 and 2001 were monitored at filling and emptying to determine densities and losses. A total of 47 bags (23 alfalfa, 1 red clover, 23 whole−plant corn) were made, and losses were calculated on 39 of the silos. Dry matter (DM) density ranged from 160 to 270 kg/m3. Dry matter density increased with DM content in hay crop silages on average 2.9 kg/m3−% ...

Gamma type random field for silo pressure ∗

Measurements show that silo wall pressures exhibit large fluctuations in time and space during discharge of the silo. This observation is important for the design of the silo wall because spatial pressure variations may impose substantial bending moments that otherwise may be small or vanishing due to the carrying ability of the membrane forces in the silo wall. Information about the stochastic...

Factors Affecting Bunker Silo Densities

High densities in bunker silos minimize losses and reduce storage costs; however, the guidelines to attain high densities are based on relatively little research. The objective of this study was to determine those practices or factors most correlated with bunker silo density. Density was measured in 175 bunker silos across Wisconsin using core samples collected at chest height (1.13 m, 3.70 ft,...

Lead poisoning in missile-silo workers.